_{step 1}), fewer other-gender friends (H_dos), and higher anxiety in mixed-gender situations (H₃). Prior studies have not found any consistent moderating effect of student gender on the differences related to single-sex schooling, and we expected the school differences to be similar in boys and girls (H₄). Nevertheless, we included student gender as a potential moderator as most prior studies did [4,13]. Across the two samples, we predicted that differences between single-sex and coeducational school students ple as the school differences may attenuate when all students were exposed to similar mixed-gender environments after graduation (H₅). Also, we hypothesized that the potential school difference in mixed-gender anxiety was mediated by gender salience (H_six) and mixed-gender friendships (H_seven).

Users

Participants was basically recruited off five local highest schools (you to definitely the-female, you to definitely all the-men as well as 2 coeducational) based in demographically diverse areas inside Hong kong. People incorporated Form step one to six (seven th so you can a dozen th degrees) people with the exception of the newest most of the-girls school, at which Function six youngsters was excluded because of the school’s plan to have public exam preparation. Surveys were given by a category teacher during the for each group. People accomplished tips with the situated parameters and you can reported the month-to-month loved ones earnings, parental education and you can years, amounts of siblings and brothers, and you will ethnicity. This study try carried out in conformity into information and recognition of School away from Hong kong Individual Research Ethics Panel (HKU HREC). Students’ assent and you will couch potato consent from mothers otherwise guardians have been acquired ahead of studies collection. All of the victims offered written advised consent according to the Report out-of Helsinki.

A total of 2083 students participated in the study (participation rate: 84%). Twenty-four subjects were excluded from analyses due to missing or extreme data (11 coeducational school students did not indicate their gender and 13 students reported extremely unlikely values on demographic variables). The final sample (N = 2059, M_age = years, SD = 2.03) consisted of 589 boys and 376 girls from the two coeducational schools, 416 boys from the all-boys school, and 678 girls from the all-girls school. This sample size had over 99% a priori power to detect small differences (.20 < d < .30) at ? = .05, two-tailed . Participants were mainly Chinese (89%). Among the four participating schools, the all-boys school and one coeducational school were in Band 2, while the all-girls school and the other coeducational school were in Band 3. All participating schools used Chinese as the teaching language. Some schools used spoken Cantonese and some used spoken Mandarin in class, but they used the same written language in formal printed materials. Therefore, the questionnaires were printed in Chinese. Consistent with prior research [3,4,8], participants from single-sex schools had parents with higher education level, t(2042) = -7.157, p < .001, and attended more academically excellent schools, t(2023) = -, p < .001, unequal variances, than did participants from coeducational schools. The average parental education level of the sample (i.e., between junior secondary to senior secondary) was similar to a representative sample of over 9000 students from local high schools, one from each of the 19 districts in Hong Kong . Detailed participant characteristics are presented in Dining table 1 .

Table 1

c 1 = no schooling/pre-number 1, 2 = number one, step three = junior additional, cuatro = elder secondary, 5 = post-supplementary, six = postgraduate.

Sex salience measure

Intercourse salience try measured of the McGuire et al.is the reason means . It size has been shown becoming associated with or impacted of the intercourse structure [twenty seven,53]. Participants have been requested supply around three quick responses every single off those two inquiries: “Tell me what you are” and “Let me know what you are maybe not”. They were instructed to jot down what they could contemplate quickly. The answers was basically up coming coded since the “gender-related” or “non-gender-related”. Desk 2 shows types of that it programming program. Solutions had been basic coded separately by the two coders. Inter-rater accuracy try large for everyone responses (most of the ? > .93). Disputes was basically up coming fixed because of the talks among them programmers. The level of sex-relevant responses over the two concerns are summed to point intercourse salience.